REVIEW ARTICLE
Health theory of coping
Helen M. Stallman,
Corresponding Author
Helen M. Stallman
School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
Correspondence
Helen M. Stallman, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, ML59b, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHelen M. Stallman,
Corresponding Author
Helen M. Stallman
School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
Correspondence
Helen M. Stallman, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, ML59b, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objective
There have been multiple criticisms against commonly used theories of coping limiting their usefulness in research and practice.
Method
This paper describes and evaluates a new functional conceptualisation of reactions to reduce distress or unpleasant emotions, the Health Theory of Coping.
Results
The theory recognises that all coping reactions are adaptive and may initially reduce distress and categorises these strategies as either healthy or unhealthy, depending on their likelihood of adverse consequences. Categories are conceptually clear, mutually exclusive, comprehensive, functionally homogenous, functionally distinct, generative and flexible, overcoming limitations of previous theories. The theory captures a hierarchy of strategies across the continua of internality, intensity, and adversity. Healthy coping categories are self-soothing, relaxing or distracting activities, social support, and professional support. Unhealthy categories are negative self-talk, harmful activities, social withdrawal, and suicidality. All coping strategies fit within one of these categories.
Conclusions
The categorisation of coping strategies as either healthy or unhealthy is empirically supported. The Health Theory of Coping has clinical utility in stigma reduction, suicide prevention, and treatment of physical and psychiatric illnesses.
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